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Mechanisms:what are they evidence for in evidence-based medicine?
mechanisms explanation medicine evidence-based medicine
2016/5/27
Even though the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement labels mechanisms a low quality form of evidence, consideration of the mechanisms on which medicine relies, and the distinct roles that mechanism...
健康在本真意义上决非一个"道德无涉"的范畴,健康具有伦理维度,且与人的道德修养水平以及社会的道德环境和道德水准息息相关。道德具有多种健康功能,而道德缺失会导致诸种疾病的发生。现代社会的一系列积重难返、甚至无法应对的现代病在某种意义上就是"道德病"。明乎此,对于树立道德健康的理念,保持身心和谐健康以及人的社会适应能力,从而促进人的自由全面发展是十分重要的。
哈格洛夫对于环境持有审美与科学的态度,他提出了自然美的优先地位,深刻剖析了环境美学的本体论特征。首先,世界的完整性和复杂性是环境伦理学得以建构的基础,该完整性和复杂性是世界的本体性特征,只有充分把握世界的本体性特征,我们人类才有可能建立新的世界观,以突破传统科学对于自然的片面理解。其次,科学兴趣并不一定总是分析性的,与之相反,科学本身就会带来对自然原初状态的极大关注,因此,博物学成为了哈格洛夫最推...
What consent model is ethically justifiable in cancer population research?
cancer population consent model
2017/4/10
The important role that explicit informed consent plays in the conduct of research cannot be denied. Inhumane medical research has prompted over many decades the articulation of guidelines, legislatio...
从社会信息交往的整体视角和自律的基本内涵来看，媒体自律的真正基础在于个体道德的自由和觉醒。在社会转型和道德混乱的特定时期，个人被赤裸裸地抛离出来，直面自己的处境，重新思考原初的道德自我，应对他人的召唤。个体的道德觉醒为我们提供了重建社会秩序的基本思路。首先，个体道德为公共生活的建构提供了原初动力。其次，个体道德为社会结构提供了基本评价与调整原则。再次，个人道德判断内含普遍性和公共价值。最后，个体道...
The Intelligence of the Moral Intuitions:Comment on Haidt (2001)
The Intelligence Moral Intuitions Haidt
2015/11/10
The social intuitionist model (J. Haidt, 2001) posits that fast and automatic intuitions are the primary source of moral judgments. Conscious deliberations play little causal role; they are used mostl...
ASYMMETRY IN JUDGMENTS OF MORAL BLAME AND PRAISE:The Role of Perceived Metadesires
ASYMMETRY IN JUDGMENTS MORAL BLAME PRAISE Perceived Metadesires
2015/11/10
An important consideration in judging the blameworthiness (or praiseworthiness) of an action is whether the agent had sufficient control over it. In three experiments, we investigated judgments of mor...
Causal deviance and the attribution of moral responsibility
Causal deviance moral responsibility
2015/11/10
Are current theories of moral responsibility missing a factor in the attribution of blame and praise? Four studies demonstrated that even when cause, intention, and outcome (factors generally assumed ...
Paying for Someone Else’s Mistake:The Effect of Bystander Negligence on Perpetrator Blame
legal blame contrast effect automatic comparison moral judgment attribution
2015/11/10
The success of criminal acts can sometimes depend critically on the oversight or negligence of uninvolved bystanders (e.g., someone leaving a first-floor window open). Four studies examined how the co...
Motivated Moral Reasoning
Motivated Moral Reasoning
2015/11/10
Moral judgments are important, intuitive, and complex. These factors make moral judgment particularly fertile ground for motivated reasoning. This chapter reviews research (both our own and that of ot...
The uniquely human emotion of disgust is intimately connected to morality in many, perhaps all, cultures (Rozin, Lowery, Imada, & Haidt, 1999b). We report two studies suggesting that a predisposition ...
Disgust Sensitivity Predicts Intuitive Disapproval of Gays
disgust disgust sensitivity moral judgment homosexuality
2015/11/10
Two studies demonstrate that a dispositional proneness to disgust (“disgust sensitivity”) is associated with intuitive disapproval of gay people. Study 1 was based on previous research showing that pe...
The motivated use of moral principles
moral judgment motivated reasoning consequentialism deontology
2015/11/10
Five studies demonstrated that people selectively use general moral principles to rationalize preferred moral conclusions. In Studies 1a and 1b, college students and community respondents were present...
Dirty Liberals!Reminders of Physical Cleanliness Influence Moral and Political Attitudes
morality social cognition priming
2015/11/10
Many moral codes place a special emphasis on bodily purity, and manipulations that directly target bodily purity have been shown to influence a variety of moral judgments. Across two studies, we demon...
A Person-Centered Approach to Moral Judgment
moral judgments moral character virtue ethics informational value signaling
2015/11/10
Both normative theories of ethics in philosophy and contemporary models of moral judgment in psychology have focused almost exclusively on the permissibility of acts, in particular whether acts should...